How to adjust the power output of a photovoltaic system according to the changes in light intensity?

The power output of the photovoltaic system is adjusted according to the changes in light intensity, mainly achieved through methods such as maximum Power point tracking (MPPT) technology, inverter control, and intelligent control systems. Specifically as follows:

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology

Working principle: The output characteristics of photovoltaic modules are nonlinear, and there is a corresponding maximum power point (MPP) under different light intensities. MPPT technology automatically adjusts the operating point of the photovoltaic system by real-time monitoring of the output voltage and current of photovoltaic modules and using specific algorithms such as perturbation observation method and conductance increment method, keeping it always close to the maximum power point under the current light intensity, thereby achieving maximum power output.

Advantages: Regardless of how the light intensity changes, MPPT technology can quickly and effectively track the maximum power point, improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic systems. Especially under conditions of constantly changing light intensity, such as cloudy weather or different time periods, it can significantly enhance the overall performance of the system.

Inverter control

Adjusting output power: An inverter is a device in a photovoltaic system that converts direct current into alternating current. Modern inverters usually have the function of automatically adjusting the output power according to the input voltage and current. When the intensity of light changes, the inverter can adjust the amplitude and frequency of the output AC power by controlling the conduction time and frequency of the switching devices according to the changes in the output of the photovoltaic modules, so as to match the demand of the power grid or load, and at the same time ensure that the photovoltaic system can operate stably and efficiently under different light conditions.

Intelligent algorithms and communication: Some advanced inverters also employ intelligent algorithms and communication technologies to communicate with photovoltaic modules or other system components, obtaining relevant information such as light intensity. Based on this information, the inverter can predict power changes in advance and make corresponding adjustments to achieve more precise power control and optimized system performance.

Intelligent control system

Sensor monitoring: Install light intensity sensors in photovoltaic systems to monitor changes in light intensity in real time and accurately. These sensors can transmit light intensity data to the intelligent control system.

System optimization and scheduling: The intelligent control system coordinates and controls each component of the photovoltaic system based on the data sent by the light intensity sensor and the preset control strategy. For instance, when the intensity of light decreases, the system can automatically adjust the series or parallel connection mode of photovoltaic modules to maintain an appropriate output voltage and current, or adjust the charging and discharging state of the energy storage system to ensure that the system can meet the demands of the load. Meanwhile, the intelligent control system can also combine weather forecasts and other information to plan and optimize the power output of the photovoltaic system in advance, improving the overall operational efficiency and reliability of the system.